Panera Bread Company free essay sample

SWOT Matrix Stakeholder Matrix Financial Ratios Financial Trend Graphs Responses to Questions Not Answered in the Presentation Business Strategy Functional Area Strategies Assessment of Panera Bread Company? s Strategic Performance Resources Value Chain Assessment of Panera Bread Company? s Financial Performance and Capabilities Strategic Issues Panera Bread Company Faces Management? s Values Organizational Culture Executive Summary: Our counseling group finished an investigation of Panera Bread Company primarily concentrating on the chances and dangers inside the business, Panera? serious abilities, and the organization? s qualities and shortcomings. The accompanying suggestions contain the chance or danger inside the business, the quality or shortcoming that permits Panera to seek after or protect against the basic issues and the apparatuses expected to make quick move. We suggest that Panera Bread Company: 1. Open bistros in undiscovered markets, and spotlight on using diversifyin g to accomplish the ideal 1:160,000 bistro: individual proportion by 2010. We found that the café business life cycle is still in development. This development combined with Panera? solid diversifying ability offers a noteworthy open door for Panera to seek after. To accomplish this Panera should initially utilize the current site choice and market examination procedures to picked perfect areas for new bistros in undiscovered markets. Panera ought to likewise use this procedure to evaluate the coordinations important to help the expected areas. Next, Panera needs to use the built up, severe franchisee determination standards to distinguish up-and-comers that are a solid match, and afterward work with the chosen franchisees utilizing the current establishment help projects to teach and train franchisees in Panera? one of a kind brand, vision and culture. Once Panera sets up diversifying frameworks in new markets, the organization should quantify accomplishment by whether the 1 bistro for every 160,000 individuals for each area by 2010. Panera additionally should evaluate the new franchisees dependent on the recorded territor ies of accomplishment. 2. Reinforce the current special procedure to a progressively forceful delicate sell limited time methodology while as yet using informal strategies to expand first-time client traffic. We found that clients are inclined to give recently opened eating foundations a preliminary. Panera has underutilized potential in its limited time procedure to permit clients to know about recently opened bistros. Panera can seek after the open door inside the business on the off chance that it reinforces the current limited time methodology to advance mindfulness. This aides Panera elevate brand attention to turn into a prevailing innovator in the pastry shop bistro industry. To do this, the organization must start extending to undiscovered and lowpenetrated markets where clients won't think a lot about the organization. The organization should then expand energy about these new bistros before opening by utilizing guerilla advertising. A case of this is employing disguised staff to flow future and current improvement destinations and connect with likely customers by scrounging up enthusiasm for bistro openings. The following usage step is to disseminate coded coupons with a fourteen day termination period, and an extra coupon to be given to a companion. Achievement can be estimated by following new client pedestrian activity in the particular bistros and the new bistro? s deals volume in the initial a half year. 3. Execute the â€Å"Oven Fresh, To Go† program that will expand clients exchanging expenses and prize purchaser steadfastness through dynamic limits dependent on levels of bring support back. Our investigation uncovered that the eatery business is compromised by low exchanging expenses and low client reliability. Our investigation uncovered that Panera had qualities in purchaser unwaveringness. Panera should initially start stages one month preceding the beginning of this administration utilizing signage and advancement. Next Panera should print menus that showing the broiler new choice and circulate them at the retail location. Panera should broadly educate representatives on the broiler new operational methods of taking requests and carrying requests to client? vehicles. Next Panera should buy or rent 2 to 3 parking spaces for every area in nearness to the entryway with signs for assigned stopping. Last Panera should put a prepaid post card with study inquiries inside to-go bundling and spot client unwaveringness punch card in bundling that prizes returning steadfast clients. Panera should follow the limits given by clients. Due to the dynamic idea of the limits, Panera can recognize its most steadfast customers dependent fair and square of the markdown rate. 4. Widen the item degree and administration offering to incorporate a more extensive cluster of light dishes, supper toll, and brew and wine accessible after 4:30 at select areas across the nation. The new contributions will be combined with network occasions, for example, wine samplings and pledge drives to support the apparent supper climate. Our investigation of the café business drove us to verify that there were countless purchasers accessible to firms giving a chance to expanded piece of the overall industry. Our examination of the serious abilities demonstrated that Panera had an inside quality in innovative work. Panera needs to use the broad innovative work abilities to decide perfect menu contributions, segments, cost, and areas reasonable for lager and wine. The new item contributions will be acquainted with a predetermined number of stores to decide client reaction and confirm the adaptability to guarantee quality. The effective food and liquor things will be acquainted with pre-decided perfect areas alongside showcasing and preparing support. The last usage step will be a market study question at the point-ofsales framework that will decide the quantity of new supper clients. A definitive objective of this proposal is to expand piece of the pie for Panera. Large scale Environment: The United States saw 3. 0% development in the general economy for the year 2006. Moreover, genuine extra cash expanded by 2. 1% from the second from last quarter of 2005 until the finish of 2006. The joblessness rate proceeded on a descending pattern from a high of 6. 0% in 2003. Joblessness was 4. 65% in 2006. As indicated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, buyer uses were $48,398 and $2,794 was spent on food away from home per family unit. Since there was generally speaking financial development, purchaser uses ere high, and joblessness was on a descending pattern, the economy everywhere was in a solid state. At the point when financial conditions were seen as acceptable, shoppers were all the more ready to spend overabundance pay, instead of sparing or contributing. Along these lines, customers were bound to burn through cash on eating out for different dinners; this was an open door for the café business. The lawful, administrative and world of politics was moderately steady in 2006. Since there was a stable administrative and world of politics, entrepreneurs had the option to work at an increasingly useful level. Organizations were not stressed over huge changes to guidelines which thwart business development. Along these lines, this steady condition was an open door for the business. The populace socioeconomics for the U. S. buyer in 2006 were as per the following. The populace was 49. 27% male and 50. 37% female; the middle age was 36. 4. Around 15. 07% of the populace was more than 62 years of age. The middle salary was $46,326 for a solitary worker family unit and $67,348 for a double worker family unit. Of the all out 299,398,484 purchasers, 36. 43% lived in the South Region, 18. 8% in the Northeast Region, 22. 12% in the Midwest Region and 23. 16% lived in the West Region. In the U. S. 31. 7% of people beyond 25 a 18 years old secondary school graduate; 18. 3% held a Bachelor? s degree, and 9. 7% held a propelled degree. Due to the enormous number of factors and the decent variety of the U. S. populace over all descriptors, the eateries business? s target showcase was enormous and the i ndividual purchasers were little and various. This caused diminished rivalry over expected purchasers, and in this way was an open door in the café business. There were two noteworthy cultural patterns that rose among eatery industry partners in 2006. To begin with, the issues encompassing trans-fats in eateries were reaching a crucial stage after a 2003 legal dispute. Purchasers required a prohibition on trans-fats in café food in a wide range of states. Since this caused cafés to have all the earmarks of being the guilty party, it diminished consumer loyalty with neighborhood eatery foundations. This lessening was a treat to the business. Second, the person born after WW2 age was maturing, and the offspring of the children of post war America were moving out. This expanded the quantity of void nesters in the U. S. Without any kids at home and both husband and spouse working, the couple was less inclined to show up home and want to prepare supper. This marvel prompted more supper excursions and shoppers searching for a foundation to eat a fast and quality dinner. Since this expanded the quantities of buyers hoping to feast out, the maturing child of post war America populace expanded the quantity of dinner events and in this way was an open door for the business. Industry Analysis: I. Industry Drivers: The market size of the business was very huge. Business eating places represented about $345 billion†¦ The U. S. café industry †¦ served around 70 billion suppers and bite events, and was becoming around 5 % yearly. † Based on unit deals of $345 billion, deals volume of 70 billion and a development pace of 5 % every year, we infer that the market size of the eatery business was very enormous and developing. Since when the ma rket size of the contending business was developing, contention among contenders diminished, we infer that diminished competition was a danger for the café business. The extent of the serious contention was expansive. Café networks contended on provincial, national and worldwide levels. The item degree was a

Drama in English National Curriculum Free Essays

string(62) are recognized inside the National Curriculum for English. The point of this report is to comprehend where Drama remains in instruction inside England at present. It looks for its’ notice inside the National Curriculum and deciphers what this implies for the instructing of the subject. It takes a gander at essential and optional schools’ current patterns towards Drama as a discrete subject, and contends the advantages and inconveniences of it having its’ own subject heading inside the National Curriculum. We will compose a custom exposition test on Show in English National Curriculum or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The proof will be assessed and an end defined. 1. Show in the National Curriculum. The National Curriculum site gives the most forward-thinking data on how Drama is set inside the educational program. From the outset Drama is missing however notice of it tends to be found, for the most part inside the subject of English. [See Appendix One for a portrayal of the necessities and exercises for Key Stages (KS) 1 2. (National Curriculum, 2011a)]. While there are points and targets distributed for KS1 2, at KS3 4 there is notice of chosen writers as subjects to be considered and the desire that at any rate one Shakespearean play will be investigated top to bottom at each stage (National Curriculum, 2011b c). References to the utilization of Drama show up under Literature [See Appendix Two] (National Curriculum, 2011d). For England the (Teachernet, 2011), DFES Drama Objectives (DFES, 2011) and (QCDA, 2011) assets have been/are being decommissioned with altered features showing up in the National Archive. Truth be told the greater part of the Government assets upheld by the Initial Teacher Education site for English are no more (ITE, 2011a). The Department of Education site is supplanting it, yet the main reasonable material found for Drama is a thing for the Speaking and Listening component at KS1 2 dated 2004 (Department of Education, 2011). In Ireland show is inside the ‘arts’ division, close by visual expressions and music. The strand is â€Å"Drama to investigate emotions, information and thoughts, prompting understanding.† They expect that when this subject is educated accurately it can help youngsters at a youthful age to comprehend/relate and manage life circumstances that can happen (Irish Curriculum, 2011). While Drama is set solidly in Arts Education as a trio with the visual and aural mediums, there is little help to be found in their Curriculum Planner also (NCCA, 2011). Contrast this with 52 assets for Drama in the Scottish Curriculum (Scottish Curriculum Resources for Drama, 2011). In Northern Ireland Drama is referenced in Language Literacy and includes its own subject inside The Arts and assets are all around gave (N. Ireland Resources, 2011). At KS1 2 the legal subjects that all understudies must examination are workmanship and configuration, plan and innovation, English, topography, history, data and correspondence innovation (ICT), arithmetic, music, physical training and science. Strict training must likewise be given at KS 1 and 2 (National Curriculum, 2011e), despite the fact that there is a non-legal program of study. From the National Curriculum (2011e) for Religious Education there are the accompanying two focuses: 1). Investigate how strict convictions and thoughts can be communicated through human expressions and impart their reactions. 2). Utilizing craftsmanship and structure, music, move and dramatization to build up their innovative abilities and creative mind. Craftsmanship and configuration doesn't make reference to show until KS 2 as follows from the National Curriculum (2011f): Exploring a scope of beginning stages for useful work [for model, themselves, their encounters, pictures, stories, dramatization, music, regular and made articles and environments] However making manikin theaters, and furthermore making climate in sounds, lighting, sceneries and ensembles for full size plays would make the subject progressively fun while characterizing a commonsense reason for the work. Show along these lines ought to be a rich ground for view and enhancements inside Design and Technology yet it isn't referenced in any way (National Curriculum, 2011g 2011h). Music and Physical Education in a comparable vein have a relationship to Drama through Dance yet there is no credit for it. History could possibly utilize period dramatizations to delineate focuses and the energy about precision in the writings and writers’ inclination would then be shrouded in Drama. Stenhouse (1981, p.29) is against the possibility that Drama is for showing different subjects in the educational plan and rejects the envisioned real factors of Drama for the confirmed real factors of unadulterated history. ICT could give a multi-media setting like that of display exchange stands and present day exhibitions that utilization modernized impacts and monster screens. At the point when the National Curriculum was being detailed educators were vocal in their dissatisfaction with the numerous educational program subjects being stacked into the National Curriculum, to such an extent that subjects were diminished after Music and Art (Baldwin, 2011). As the (NCCCE, 1999, p.75) report states ‘†¦there are in excess of ten subjects in the world.† It additionally takes note of that Dance isn't found with game, games and games after instruction and that Drama isn't simply verbal. (NACCCE, 1999, p.76) calls attention to that of the considerable number of nations in the QCA/NFER INCA document, England was exceptional in having 10 discrete subjects from KS 1-4. â€Å"When the National Curriculum was presented, pro dramatization professionals anxiously anticipated the National Curriculum for Drama. They are still waiting.† (Baldwin, 2011). 1.1 Drama as a feature of English in the National Curriculum. One of the continuous discussions about the idea of English revolves around its relationship [sic] the innovative expressions. â€Å"Is English an Arts based, inventive order, or a significantly more practical, competency drove subject?†, and â€Å"Is Drama itself an Arts based control or a technique for training, a type of learning?† (ITE, 2011b) The job of show in the educational plan stays practically speaking particularly in question. It is accepted that future businesses have been discontent with general instructive principles of school leavers. A contributionary factor to this low estimation (for the subject) has been the political move from a liberal perspective on (the centrality of stylish and artisticexperience in training) towards an all the more professionally †orientated view in which the auxiliary educational plan is seen rather as a feeder of business, mechanical and post-modern necessities as they have been immerging as of late. (Morton, 1984, p.56). The Arts Council England (2003, p.6) clarifies that all pupils’ least legal privileges for the investigation of Drama are recognized inside the National Curriculum for English. You read Show in English National Curriculum in classification Article models According to Ashcroft Palacio (1995, p. 196), â€Å"The national educational program solidly puts show inside the English domain.† Neelands (2008, p.1) alludes to the National Curriculum as the English Model where, â€Å"Drama was first brought into the auxiliary educational program through the English educational program and timetable†. He amusingly refers to the way that Shakespeare was English to clarify how we showed up at this one of a kind position, which has not been followed somewhere else on the planet aside from possibly Wales (Welsh Curriculum KS 1 (2008) Welsh Curriculum KS 2-4 (2008) where Drama is referenced inside English and to a lesser degree Welsh. Show as a subject in its’ own privilege is absent in the essential educational program, yet as a piece of English or R.E, or outfitting different zones and cross curricular topics. Despite the fact that Drama is missing from the educational plan for elementary schools, it is as yet present through the exercises and exercises which are shown utilizing dramatization, â€Å"†¦many grade schools as of now remember show for their educational plan, without understanding that the exercises the kids are engaged with are really drama.† (Arts moving, 2010). For High School instructors, it tends to be an issue for them to recognize what's in store of understudies entering KS 3, this is a direct result of the absence of congruity in Drama over all the Primary Schools, subsequently just an informed conjecture can be made on the pupils’ earlier show encounters. Neelands (2004, p.9) offers 6 purposes of basic reference which can be found in Appendix Three. As per Neelands (2008, p.2) insights show that, †¦many schools in England do offer show as a different timetabled subject in Key Stage 3 and this makes dramatization the main ‘subject’ in the English framework which is ‘unregulated’ as far as a broadly concurred educational program past the references to talking and tuning in the Orders for English†. So just at KS 3 do a few students get the chance to accept Drama as a different subject however it is as yet an informal one. While this offers a total opportunity in how the subject is educated and introduced [see Neelands (2004, p.5) for three unique methodologies at auxiliary level], it likewise implies there is little in the method of a wellbeing net for its specialists that gauges, evaluations, rules and authority backing can give. So no doubt Drama has become a Cinderella subject that is caught up with working in the shadows while the Ugly Sisters of English and Religious Education assume all the acknowledgment. 1.2 How we got to where we are currently. â€Å"Most of what youngsters know about the world, they know through portrayals of it.† (Neelands, 2008, p.9), recommending that schools have an ethical commitment to help shape the citizenship of their stundents. â€Å"There is brief period distributed in the day by day schedule for dramatization in youth training settings, because of the weight that numerous educators feel to cover an excessive number of materials in too little time.† (Jones and Reynolds, 1992, p.7). This proposes head teache

How We Worked in Our Group 2

How We Worked in Our Group 2 Give this worksheet to your students at the end of group projects and have them evaluate the group interaction. Scott Foresman, an imprint of Pearson Grade: 3 || 5 Subjects: Mathematics (4,998) TYPE: Worksheets (13,378) Scott Foresman, an imprint of Pearson, the world's leading elementary educational publisher. Its line of educational resources supports teachers and helps schools and districts meet demands for adequate yearly progress and reporting.

The Doctrinal Design Has Been Used To Study The...

The doctrinal design has been used to study the jurisprudential development in the areas of child witnesses, the reliability and admissibility problems of child witnesses. This has been done primarily with the help of case laws and leading judgments of various courts. 1.5 Research questions: a) Does the child have adequate cognitive skills for comprehending and accurately reporting the witnessed event? b) Can the child successfully discriminate actual events from the internal thoughts, images and fantasies? c) Can the child resist suggestions from various sources to change his or her report or memory of an event? d) What is the status of child witnesses in the Criminal Justice system? 1.6 Chapterization Scheme:It should in sentence†¦show more content†¦Some believe that it is not totally accurate to speak of a criminal justice system. A system, they argue, is an interactive, interrelated, interdependent group of certain elements performing related functions that make up a complex whole. The criminal justice system is a loose confederation of those agencies that perform different functions and are independently funded, managed and operated. However, despite their independence, these agencies of criminal justice system are interrelated because what one agency does affects all others. That is why they are called a ‘system’. The present criminal justice system of India is the product of continuous efforts on the part of those rulers who have controlled the affairs of the country from time to time. In every phase of Indian history the rulers contributed to the development of the criminal justice system. However, most of them treated the criminal justice system more as an instrument to subjugate the masses rather than to protect their rights. The British rulers who made well-thought efforts for the establishment of a sound and well defined criminal justice system in India too suffered from this weakness. They looked at the criminal justice system more as an instrument to uphold the colonial rule in India and less for the administration of fair criminal

Essay on Womens Suffrage Movement in The Bahamas - 659 Words

Ilsha Mcphee History Coursework Question 1(A) What role did the Women’s Suffrage Movement Play during the â€Å"Quiet Revolution† in the Bahamas? Notable women such as Dame Doris Johnson, Mary Ingraham, Eugenia Lockhart, Mabel Walker and Georgianna Symonette has made countless triumphs toward the equal rights of all women in the Bahamas. In particular all of these women mentioned before were major persons in the Women’s Suffrage Movement in the Bahamas. This movement’s main purpose was to ensure that all women would have a right to practice the franchise. However, this is not the only thing that resulted in the hard work of the women apart of this movement. In fact, even the amount of times you could have voted and the men’s†¦show more content†¦Next, in 1960 Doris Johnson, a dynamic trailblazer in the Women’s Suffrage Movement, made another request in the name of the Women’s Suffrage Movement to speak to the Members of Parliament, which was denied. However, Doris Johnson was allowed to make her address in the Magistrates court. We can clearly see that the Women’s Suffrage Movement was very proactive in their pursuit toward winning the franchise. In the following years to come, with the support of the Progressive liberal Party, who realized the importance of the women’s vote in the general election, the decision law was passed allowing women to vote, effective the next general election. We can now see the strength of the Suffrage movement being heavily displayed because in a matter iof four years, they achieved their ultimate goal. However this goal did not stop the strength of women in conquering yet another battle, politics Women now were contesting for seats in Parliament starting with Doris Johnson, the first women ever in the Bahamas to contest a seat in the House of Assembly. even though her efforts were soundly dismissed she was still appointed as the president of the Senate in 1968, making her the first woman Senator and the first woman President of the Senate. Continuing in this trend, Janet Bostwick become the first female Member of Parliament in 1982 and later on in 1997, Rome Johnson becomes the first Speaker of the House. In conclusion, we can clearly see the role thatShow MoreRelatedSororities2222 Words   |  9 Pagesto do all what their founders wanted which envisioned change throughout their community and what’s right. With a membership of over 250,000 women, it is one of the largest African-American womens organizations in the world, with chapters in the United States, England, Germany, Virgin Islands, Bermuda, Bahamas, Japan, and Korea (Ross, 2000). In 1920 Zeta Phi Beta Sorority members including Viola Tyler, Pearl Neal, Fannie Pettie, Myrtle Tyler, and Arizona Cleaver wanted to get there messages acrossRead MoreThe Temperance Movement Of The Early 1900 S1934 Words   |  8 Pagesworkers drank to calm down and feel no pain. But this destroyed families because they were almost constantly drunk. They would sometimes lose their only job because of the drinking. So, a lot of religious groups and many women started the temperance movement. There have been many people who have supported temperance in the past and it dates all the way back to when the Bible was written. Eventually the 18th Amendment was passed on January 26th 1919. This amendment was known as the â€Å"Noble Experiment†

Analytical and Empirical Method Free Essays

string(32) " use and significant knowledge\." How to conduct heuristic evaluation? 5 Advantages5 Disadvantages6 Empirical Method (Usability Testing)7 What is Usability Testing? 7 How to conduct a usability testing? 7 Advantages of Usability Testing8 Disadvantages of Usability Testing9 Conclusion10 Task 211 Introduction11 Description of the problem11 Description of the difficulties11 Conclusion:14 References:15 Task 1 Introduction There are 4 ways mostly to evaluate user interface.Heuristic Evaluation (heuristically) by just looking at the interface and passing judgement according to one’s own view. Cognitive Walkthrough (analytical method) by some analysis procedure, Pluralistic Walkthroughs (empirically) by experiments with trial users, Feature, Consistency amp; Standards Inspection (automatically),by a programmed procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Analytical and Empirical Method or any similar topic only for you Order Now For this assignment I have choose the usability testing for empirical method where else for analytical method I have choose heuristic method. [1] Analytical Method (Heuristic usability) What is heuristic? Heuristic evaluation is a discount usability engineering method for quick, cheap, and easy evaluation of a user interface design. † [3] In heuristic evaluation the usability issues covered are effectiveness and efficiency but do not considered the satisfaction. Quantitative Data is not collected. this method also can be conducted remotely also can be used on any system. Several evaluators independently evaluate the interface amp; come up with potential usability problems. It is important that there be several of these evaluators and that the evaluations be done independently.Nielsen’s experience indicates that around 5 evaluators usually results in about 75% of the overall usability problems being discovered. Heuristic Usability Principals Here I am going to explain more and have a closer look at what condition are needed to evaluate interfaces. Basically the evaluation is easier than design. The principles are the basic points that drive design and drive evaluation as well. The principals are: 1. Visibility of system status The application should always keep user on track and well known on which section of the application they are.This can avoid confusion and user can get the information easily without consuming more time. 2. Match between system and the real world. The relationship between two things, in most cases the mapping from digital world to real world. Metaphors and analogies 3. User control and freedom User should be informed what the system is doing and is the user on the right track, does it work the way it is suppose to work. This can prevent the user to do their activity correctly on path without having to redo all again. The application also should support undo and redo.The system should confirm with the user before take any action on the application, so user can exit immediately from new actions that risk them. 4. Consistency and standards An application should have a standard platform convention like the symmetry of the interface. Is it symmetrical? (Left-Right, Top-Bottom, Center). This includes also the wording to access the application example for navigation bar. The â€Å"Home† button should be same for all pages. It should not been changed to other type of looks (symbol or font) at other page when user access to it. 5. Error prevention The text message for error prevention should convey a message to user while they are currently on the application and risky to faulty. User can understand what the error message is about and prevent the faulty happen before they proceed to the next step. 6. Recognition rather than recall Using symbols that make user feel ease to recognize, remember and think what is the use of the button. The colour contrast also effect attention and focus where the user has been explored on the application. It also is to make user more focus and remember what they did.User also might convey the color for pink †¦ it’s a girl and blue †¦ it’s a boy. This would not affect user memory load. 7. Flexibility and efficiency of use This refers to the perceived and actual properties of the â€Å"thing† that determine just how the â€Å"thing† could be used for new user that never been using that application. The appearance of the â€Å"thing† tells them how to use it. If the system is understandable, neither expert nor inexperienced can easily use the application. 8. Aesthetic and minimalist design The application should display the important and description for the point it is focusing on. The application should not display unnecessary information which will only cause the information traffic on the application. A special consideration for standards graphics and design are enough to make user comfortable when using the application. 9. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors The error text must not be too long or too short. It should be simple and precisely organized to make sure the user understand the faulty they have done and they can correct the error based on the solution given in the error message. 10. Help and documentationThere might be possibilities that user don’t need any help and documentation while or after using an application, but there is the chances for user to document the information and get the help if there are lost. This should be considered to ensure user get fully access and satisfied after exit the application. The application must make the user easy to find the information they are looking for focusing on their task and help should provide the step they should pursue. How to conduct heuristic evaluation? Heuristic evaluation by Nielson is a method used by researchers to find usability problems in interfaces designed for use by public.The heuristic evaluation process starts from questions a small number of users, called evaluators, to complete a set of pre-programmed tasks usually related with using the interface. As summary basically the evaluation will be : * Obtain the service of 4, 5 or 6 usability experts, questions a set of pre-programmed tasks usually related with using the interface. * Each expert will perform an independent evaluation, answer question related to interface * Give experts a heuristics inspection guide, is followed from Nielsen’s ten usability principles (Nielse n, Jakob 1994). Collect the individual evaluations, which are answered in subsequent iterative sketch of the interface for better simplicity of use and significant knowledge. You read "Analytical and Empirical Method" in category "Papers" * Bring the experts together and do a group heuristic evaluation. (Optional) Advantages Quick and relatively inexpensive feedback to designers can be provided by this method. Response can be obtained early in the design process. Conveying the correct heuristic can help suggest the best corrective measures to designers. * Cheaper comparative to other assessment method. * Spontaneous and simple to encourage potential evaluators to use the method * No advance planning required Formal usability training is not required for evaluators. Professional computer programmers and computer science students are used in Nielsen and Molich * Can be used early in the growth process * Quicker revolve time than laboratory testing Disadvantages Applying heuristics effectively need a good knowledge and skill. Usability experts sometime hard to find and can be pricey. Multiple evaluators are recommended and results must be aggregated. Minor issues and fewer major issues can be detected through these evaluations. * Evaluators maybe just have the understanding of usability design principles, but not for usability experts.Usability experts would recognize more issues than non-experts, experts are the people who have the skill with the type of interface being evaluated, they can identified the most issues was according to Nielson. * The results from multiple evaluators must be aggregated. This is because the evaluator only can detect few issues, but if the issues combined the more precise result outcome they can gain. * Heuristic evaluations only identify lesser usability issues compare to and other discount methods may not identify as many usability issues as other usability engineering methods, for example, usability testing. Complex interfaces may not scale well for heuristic reviews. Evaluators may not find the major or serious problem the interface had if the interfaces are complex. * All the issues identified may not willingly suggest solutions for the usability issues * The evaluators are just pretend to be the user but they are not the real user. * The entire problem identified may not be the actual problem in real interface. Empirical Method (Usability Testing) What is Usability Testing? We need to use usability testing method to produce tasks professionally, efficiently and pleasingly for the user benefit.It is better to produce a pre-programme application to ensure so that any important issues can identify. Usability testing can be done at any stages of the design process. Usability testing is not an alternative for a human centred design process and appropriate techniques such as walkthroughs also can be use. Test host or the user who is going to represent for usability testing session should attend. The attendance should be at least one observer one developer and one business representative. Observers should strictly be in a separate observation room.Density of the system, the number of intended users, and budgetary constraints should be considered when doing the session. Even one test session is better than none, but if its more it will tend to discover the majority of important issues. There are two major factor should be considered when conducting a usability testing. The first is to ensure that the best possible method for testing is used. The second major consideration is to ensure that an iterative approach is used. How to conduct a usability testing? To prepare for a usability test we must identify delegate tasks.Ideally, these should derive from scenarios or use cases developed earlier in the design process. Have a clear definition of when a task is complete. We also must prepare a test schedule, book the required room, and identify representative users and invite them to attend. We will need the following materials: †¢ A formal script so that all participants are treated in the same way. †¢ A pre-evaluation questionnaire to check that your participants match the required profile. †¢ A list of tasks, together with criteria for measuring whether they have been successfully completed. Logging sheets to record timing, events, participant actions, concerns and comments. The guidelines should be followed: †¢ Run a pilot test. †¢ Ensure that participants have the option to abandon any tasks which they are unable to complete. †¢ Do not prompt participants unless it is clearly necessary to do so. †¢ Record events in as much detail as possible to the level of keystrokes and mouse clicks if necessary. †¢ If there are observers, ensure that they do not interrupt in any way. Observers formally prior to test. †¢ Be sensitive to the fact that developers may be upset by what they observe or what you report.Advantages of Usability Testing The advantages of usability testing are [5]: * Reply direct from the board audience to spot the project group * Private conversation can be done by testing the issue to see how users response to the different options being discussed * Problem and possible difficulties are stated clearly before the product is launched. The business advantages of usability testing can be seen at the end of the project: * Probability of usage and frequent usage increase * Risk of the product fault is reduce * Users are able to get what they expect, which makes business meeting its targets achievable.Benefits of using usability testing are [6]: * Reduce maintenance costs, increase user fulfilment, and save on development effort cost. * Relevance feedback helps to increase the quality experience. * Measures activities, not preference. Users like to insist what they want, but by observing and measuring behaviour, we can understand what the best for their needs and support is. * Get a competitive benefit. User with no experience can give negative impact to a website. A systematic website is expected by users, especially when the competitors of websites developer are a lot now. Focus to the major needs and the aim of the application. Disadvantages of Usability Testing Usability testing provides many benefits, but there are the disadvantages in using this methodology, which should be noted. Firstly, testing is not 100% representative of the real life scenario. Also, usability testing is mainly qualitative, so does not provide the large samples of response that a questionnaire may, but the response can be far more precise and understandable. It requires a certain level of knowledge and experience to apply the heuristics effectively. Trained usability experts are sometimes hard to find and can be expensive.Multiple evaluators are recommended and results must be aggregated. The evaluation may identify more minor issues and fewer major issues. [9] Conclusion Two common usability evaluation methods, heuristic evaluation and usability testing were analayse. Results found that heuristic evaluation performed by HCI experts revealed more general problems, while usability testing is a way to see how easy to use something is by testing it with real users. To provide the most effective and thorough usability evaluation results, a combination of usability evaluation techniques from both expert and system user perspectives is recommended. Task 2Introduction For task 2, I am going to evaluate a website from a bank which is OCBC bank. Description of the problem 1. The first problem i notice when I start to evaluate the website was the layout. the layout is merely merge to left side of the webpage. 2. The navigation bar size. It is too small. 3. The application do not provide â€Å"search† function for user to search information. 4. I didnt notice the login function,no idea where to login. The homepage there is no official login space. 5. No language selection option. 6. No register new user and login specific space at main page. 7. No sitemap to track location in application page. . The process option button and link appearance are not interesting and recognizable. 9. Once the user click any options from main page to proceed the next step,the application open new window. Description of the difficulties 1. User need to focus on the left side of the webpage whereelse it should be in the center for user to feel more comfortable when viewing webpage. The view is not standard as normal webpage. 2. The navigation bar font is too small and situated at the upper right corner of the webpage. It is not standard. These two diffrent navigation bar makes user confuse to choose which function to move in the application.Furthermore,when user click to login page,another window open and it does not have a standard navigation bar as the previous page. User will feel confuse,with diffrent thing appears. 3. The login function is not standard. There are several option to login to application. It suppose to have a official login space then allows user to choose the service they want to involve. the login space looks like advertistment and not noticable. 4. Language. User supposed can select the language they are prefereable for. But this application dont allow user to choose the language they understand.If the user dont understand,how they want to use the application. There is just the selection list of country only but not for language. 5. The application does not provide sitemap to track location of user that use the application at current time. Sitemap used to make user easy to navigate along the pages gone through. user can eesayly get back to the pages prevoiously without wasting time to find pages that they want. 6. The hyperlink should be as buttons or symbol button to make user easy to recognize and remember the direction to use the application for the next visit. . Once the user click any options from main page to proceed the next step,the application open new window.User cannot go back to the previous page because noâ€Å"back†function at the web page neither at the browser. If user want go back,user must exit the new window and restore the main page again. If user did some errors user need to repeat all the steps again. Heuristic and explanation 1. The small and not standard navigation bar is link to consistency and standards. * It suppose to gathered and user should select from a line of navigation bar. when user click to login page,another window open and it does not have a standard navigation bar as the previous page. * User feels a diffrent environment,diffrent situation word. 2. The no option for language is match between system and real world. * The system should speaks user language,word or phrase which familliar with the user. This will make user more comfortable and understand what they are doing. 3. Layout of the web which go to left side is a aesthetic and minimalist design. * User should not wonder the blank space of the webpage. It should be used to put any related information. 4. No sitemap for user location is equal with flexibility and efficiency of use. * Sitemap can help the inexperience user to go back to previous page they were to make sure they are on the correct path to do their job. 5. Error prevention which dont have â€Å"back† button,is link with user control and freedom. * This sytem dont allow users to go back. It do no support undo and redo. * User need to navigate away from the page directly and go back to main page and access again the application. 6. Uninteresting link and button to continue using the application is a recognition rather than recall heuristic. The links navigation dont give the user idea when they first see the webpage. User need to read the links and then click to continue. * The link should suppose to be icons so that whenever the user come for next visit,they will recognize the buttons and save their memory load and time. Summary A heuristic evaluation is a usability inspection helps to identify usability problems in the user interface (UI) design, As I find in the OCBC Bank website, it specifically involves me examine the interface and judge its compliance with recognized usability principles (the â€Å"heuristics†).I independently examine a user interface and judge its compliance with a set of usability principles. The result of this analysis is a list of potential usability issues or problems. The usability principles, also referred to as usability heuristics, are taken from published lists. Ideally, each potential usability problem is assigned to one or more heuristics to help facilitate fixing the problem. As more evaluators are involved, more true problems are found.But as from my view, I can list out only these usability problems and I also have stated the reasons and why it is a problem to me and also what is lacking at the webpage. How to cite Analytical and Empirical Method, Papers

Wesfarmers Innovation and Entrepreneurship- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theWesfarmers Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Answer: Introduction Wesfarmers was founded in 1914 as a cooperative society to provide services and agricultural products to the rural community in Western Australia (Biddle, 2016). Wesfarmers endeavored to diversify its activities in 1950 by distributing liquefied petroleum gas. Later Wesfarmers ventured into the production and distribution of fertilizer in 1984. Wesfarmers ventured into coal mining, insurance business, building, products for industrial safety, and forest and hardware products. It is imperative that Wesfarmers was able to achieve these business ventures because of innovation and entrepreneurship (Akbar, Ahsan, 2014). The ability to penetrate into diversified areas marked the era of transformation of the company. Wesfarmers has grown regarding shape and size. This growth has been realized because of strategic diversified investments and acquisitions. Wesfarmers has an estimated thirty brands recognized in both Australia and New Zealand. Critical Theories McClelland developed the theory of achievement motivation to explain entrepreneurship. In his theory, he postulated that individuals are driven by three motives to accomplish their tasks. These three things include the need for affiliation, need for achievement, and the need for power. According to the theory of achievement motivation, entrepreneurs do things in a better way. He further posited that traditional beliefs have no effect on an entrepreneur (Pitt, Berthon, Robson, Prendegast, 2015). Another perspective on entrepreneurship is the explanation offered by Peter Drucker. He developed the theory of entrepreneurship which posts that innovation, entrepreneurial behavior, and resources are essential in entrepreneurship (Yan Yan, 2016). As such, Entrepreneurship entails creating new values, increasing customer satisfaction, and use of the available resources to enhance new productive combinations. Definition of Relevant Terms Entrepreneurship is a unique way reasoning, and action highly influenced by leadership and opportunities (Wu, 2016; Yan Yan, 2016). It is seen as a human act that leads to enhancement, renewal, creation, and the realization of values. It is imperative to point out that the business environment today has gone beyond the traditional notion. Entrepreneurship is vital for businesses that are looking to grow and develop faster. Additionally, entrepreneurship requires proper planning and creativity. Innovation, on the other hand, is defined as the successful implementation of new knowledge, ideas, and technology to enhance the productivity of a business entity (Yan Yan, 2016). Innovation requires proper management of employees with the ability to churn new ideas, technology, and knowledge in strategies that will improve the economic status of the company. Application of Innovation and Entrepreneurship There have been several global issues that touch on the environment. These issues include greenhouse emissions that have become bigger and needed strategic responses. Wesfarmers has developed strategic mechanisms for addressing these global concerns (Biddle, 2016; Yan Yan, 2016). Wesfarmers has implemented a raft of measures to enhance sustainability. These efforts have focused on five key areas such as efficient energy management, community investment, carbon reduction, environmental footprint reduction, and emphasis on the importance of people. Wesfarmers has developed policies to prove ethical, safe, and stimulating working conditions. The policies further stress on the improvement of talent management (Yan Yan, 2016; Mok, 2015). Additionally, Wesfarmers has employed human as an important competitive factor in its growth and development. Further, the company has heavily invested in innovation and arts, education and medicine, and indigenous communities (Biddle, 2016). It suffices to mention that the company has created sustainable cohesion in its projects including conservation. There is high competition in the global market, and therefore there is the need for companies to develop sustainable mechanisms (Yan Yan, 2016; Mok, 2015) Wesfarmers has been keen on the reduction of carbon emission, and water wastage among others. In reducing carbon emissions, the company has developed new sources of energy such as the wind and solar technologies. The company commenced wind solar energy micro-generation trials. These trials are found in three Australian stores. It is imperative to note that the solar energy generation is estimated at five percent of the total amount of electricity produced by the store (Biddle, 2016). Coles which is a subsidiary of the company has installed night blinds technology on open upright refrigerators. This technology is employed one hundred and sixty-two supermarkets so as to reduce the utilization of electricity (Biddle, 2016). Wesfarmers is currently constructing new distribution centers. These distributions are being equipped with numerous energy saving mechanisms such as maximizing the use of natural light. There is also the initiative to use lighting technologies (Mok, 2015) efficiently. Also, the Kleenheat is currently implementing an outstanding energy efficiency review focused at its liquefied petroleum gas plant (Biddle, 2016). Wesfarmers has been conducting extensive research in reducing greenhouse emissions which are deemed as one of the principal causes of climate change. It suffices to point out that the Premier coal has already implemented an initiative that is aimed at improving the productivity of the haul truck. This technology is meant to create and compliment the on-going energy savings. The energy savings will thus be achieved through the minimal use of diesel fuel (Biddle, 2016). Energy sources such as diesel are heavily linked to carbon emissions that have contributed to climate change since its advent and use (Nambisan Baron, 2013). Several studies have revealed that most companies and other business ventures are working towards attaining the optimal use of clean energy (Yan Yan, 2016; Carayannis, Samara, Bakouros, 2015; Mro?ewski Kratzer, 2016) Initially, the company based its greenhouse gas emissions on AGO measurement methodology. Currently, the company is registered with National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act (NGR) as a controlling corporation (Biddle, 2016). Through innovation, Wesfarmers has been able to scale down the annual carbon emission to just over five thousand tons. The company has worked to improve the efficiency of the refrigerant system for the Coles giant supermarket. This technology is meant to minimize the loss of energy and gas. Successful companies in the global market today can invest in clean and efficient energy (Mok, 2015). Wesfarmers has immensely invested in talented employees. This cadre of employees is innovative and supplies new ideas for the company to implement (Biddle, 2016; Carayannis, Samara, Bakouros, 2015). The fact the company has diversified its operations has improved sustainability mechanisms. Wesfarmers has strong environmental, economic, and social performance grounded on sound governance framework (Pitt, Berthon, Robson, Prendegast, 2015). The company has the objective of providing value to its customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, employees, and community partners (Biddle, 2016). In entrepreneurship, the value of maintaining a good relationship between the entrepreneur and the external environment is critical (Mro?ewski Kratzer, 2016). Further, the company continues to invest is recognize areas within the community which it believes are important in contributing to building to long-term community stability, leadership, cohesion, and innovation. Several studies have shown that effective management and leadership is instrumental in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship (Carayannis, Samara, Bakouros, 2015). Wesfarmers water consumption estimates for groundwater, recycled, scheme, and reused for the last year is approximately twelve mega-litres v. It is worth noting that the company is implementing a raft of measures that are aimed at reducing water consumption. The company is striving to enhance sustainable development in its operations (Carayannis, Samara, Bakouros, 2015). The company has invested in a robust supply chain. The robust supply has significantly improved the manner in which finished products reach the final customers. In every business endeavor, the supply and chain management is critical (Pauka, 2016). Wesfarmers is engaged in the reduction of packaging. In this Endeavour, the company has signed an agreement with the National Packaging Covenant (NPC) in Australia. The company has signed an agreement with the Australian Packaging Covenant (APC). These agreements are used as the basis for packaging so as to reduce the environmental effect of packaging. Wesfarmers is targeting to remove single-use bags (Carayannis, Samara, Bakouros, 2015). In this regard, all retailers affiliated with the company have offered alternative bags for packaging (Mok, 2015). Further, the company has recycled many tons of utilized packaging. Coles which is a subsidiary of the company has fully implemented a program aimed at recycling all packaging its liquor stores (Biddle, 2016). Conclusion Wesfarmers is one of the most successful companies in Australia. The company has expanded into New Zealand with the enhanced reputation. Wesfarmers is keen in implementing innovative and entrepreneurial ideas for its growth and development. The company has implemented technologies in various spheres of human life including environmental, social, economic, and ethical considerations. From the report, Wesfarmers has achieved reduced carbon emission and efficient energy use in its operations. Wesfarmers has been implementing a business strategy that is aimed at benefitting every stakeholder involved in its business process. In a nutshell, the company is on the right path towards the realization of business sustainability. References Akbar, S., Ahsan, K. (2014). Analysis of corporate social disclosure practices of Australian retail firms. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 6(4), 375-396. Biddle, I. (2016). The Wesfarmers/Woolworths duopoly war: The Bunnings vs. Masters battle. Busidate, 24(3), 3. Carayannis, E. G., Samara, E. T., Bakouros, Y. L. (2015). Entrepreneurship and innovation practices. In Innovation and Entrepreneurship (pp. 159-201). Springer International Publishing. Mok, K. H. (2015). Questing for Entrepreneurship and Innovation for Enhancing Global Competitiveness in Hong Kong. In Research, Development, and Innovation in Asia Pacific Higher Education (pp. 115-134). Palgrave Macmillan US. Mro?ewski, M., Kratzer, J. (2016). Entrepreneurship and country-level innovation: investigating the role of entrepreneurial opportunities. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 1-18. Nambisan, S., Baron, R. A. (2013). Entrepreneurship in Innovation Ecosystems: Entrepreneurs' Self?Regulatory Processes and Their Implications for New Venture Success. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(5), 1071-1097. Pauka, C. (2016). IT-The key to value chain. MHD Supply Chain Solutions, 46(3), 6. Pitt, L., Berthon, P., Robson, M., Prendegast, G. (2015). Does Corporate Entrepreneurship Influence Innovation in Service Firms?. In Proceedings of the 1997 World Marketing Congress (pp. 639-645). Springer International Publishing. Santos, J. L., Navarro, T. M., Kaszowska, J. A. (2016). Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Middle East: An Analysis for Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Jordan, and UAE. In Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship in the Contemporary Knowledge-Based Global Economy (pp. 371-391). IGI Global. Sloan, E. (2016). Improving dragline productivity and increasing reliability using big data. AusIMM Bulletin, (Aug 2016), 58. Wu, C. W. (2016). Global entrepreneurship and innovation in management: Comparing MRA/SEM versus fuzzy-set QCA theory creation, data analysis, and findings. Yan, J., Yan, L. (2016). Individual entrepreneurship, collective entrepreneurship and innovation in small business: an empirical study. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(4), 1053-1077.

The Wasps Monologue Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Wasps Monologue Essay Thesis A monologue from the play by Aristophanes NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Aristophanes: The Eleven Comedies. Trans. Anonymous. London: The Athenian Society, 1922. PHILOCLEON: At the outset I will prove to you that there exists no king whose might is greater than ours. Is there a pleasure, a blessing comparable with that of a juryman? Is there a being who lives more in the midst of delights, who is more feared, aged though he be? From the moment I leave my bed, men of power, the most illustrious in the city, await me at the bar of the tribunal; the moment I am seen from the greatest distance, they come forward to offer me a gentle handthat has pilfered the public funds; they entreat me, bowing right low and with a piteous voice, Oh, father, they say, pity me, I beseech you! Why, the man who thus speaks would not know of my existence, had I not let him off on some former occasion. These entreaties have appeased my wrath, and I enter the courtsfirmly resolved to do nothing that I have promised. Nevertheless I listen to the accused. We will write a custom essay on The Wasps Monologue Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Oh! what tricks to secure acquittal! Ah! there is no form of flattery that is not addressed to the court! Some groan over their property and they exaggerate the truth in order to make their troubles equal to my own. Others tell us anecdotes or some comic story from ?sop. Others, again, cut jokes; they fancy I shall be appeased if I laugh. If we are not even then won over, why, then they drag forward their young children by the hand, both boys and girls, who prostrate themselves and whine with one accord, and then the father, trembling as if before a god, begs me not to condemn him out of pity for them, If you love the voice of the lamb, have pity on my son, and because I am fond of little sows, I must yield to his daughter\s prayers. Then we relax the heat of our wrath a little for him. Is not this great power indeed? A father on his death-bed names some husband for his daughter, who is his sole heir; but we care little for his will or for the shell so solemnly placed over the seal; we give the young maiden to him who has best known how to secure our favour. Name me another duty that is so important? But I am forgetting the most pleasing thing of all. When I return home with my pay, everyone runs to greet me because of my money. First my daughter bathes me, anoints my feet, stoops to kiss me and, while she is calling me her dearest father, fishes out my triobolus with her tongue. Then my little wife comes to wheedle me and brings a nice little cake; she sits beside me and entreats me in a thousand ways, Do take this now; do have some more. All this delights me hugely. Am I not equal to the king of the gods? If our assembly is noisy, all say as they pass, Great gods! the tribunal is rolling out its thunder! If I let loose the lightning, the richest, aye, the noblest are half dead with fright and crap themselves with terror. You yourself are afraid of me, yea, by Demeter! you are afraid.

15 Best Jobs in the World [Video]

15 Best Jobs in the World [Video] The job possibilities out there extend beyond your wildest imagination. Astronaut? Sure, that seems pretty awesome. But what if you could get paid to ride waterslides and tell how you feel about them? More awesome. Or how about getting paid to taste chocolate? Sign us up, please. Check out the following Wacky Wednesday profile of jobs that seem too good to be true: from Professional Zombie (really) to Luxury Bed Tester. Here are the 15 Best Jobs in the World right now!

With reference to the film Vertigo how is it's director Alfred Essay

With reference to the film Vertigo how is it's director Alfred Hitchcock might be classified as an auteur - Essay Example When the subject of Auteur Theory arises in film circles many people name him as one of the first people to use this technique. The question becomes, is this befitting of his style? The answer for this essay is that he definitely is an auteur. According to several sources Auteur Theory discusses the way that a director uses style, vision, recurring themes, how they control their production and "controls the artistic statement, takes credit for the film and is responsible for attracting the audience" ("Hitchcock"). Within any movie by Hitchcock the audience knows they will be entertained and that they will have to watch every moment to keep up with what is going on. He begins every movie at the end of the story and then builds it to the point of the beginning then finally gives the ending. Sometimes the endings seem predictable but they are not always the way the audience thinks they will end. Central to his movies is the idea that there is something morally wrong that needs to be set right. As an example, in "The Birds" the moral issue was about mans inhumanity to nature. As Hitchcock states, "birds had suffered a lot from humans. They are eaten and killed so one day nature will have enough and come back at humans. The message is dont mess around with nature" (American Film Institute, 2006). A common theme for Hitchcock is shown in "Vertigo" -- the guilt, human failing, obsession and then redemption. This is a common theme that goes throughout many of his movies and the audience went through these changes as they were presented during the movie. As an example, the obsession that Stewart develops with Judy (the second character played by Kim Novak) suggests to the audience that he unconsciously knows this is Madeleine but his mind cannot quite make this leap because he witnessed the death of Madeleine. His obsession leads him to an understanding of this but in making Judy relive the last moments of the other womans death it

King of Shaves Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

King of Shaves Case Study - Essay Example When a company is in operation, there are many risks eminent in the field. In this paper, King of Shaves Company is discussed in reference to Porter’s five forces model. It then takes a closer look at the shareholders, and maps them in reference to their value to the organization. Introduction Porters’ five forces model is a model framework proposed by Michael Porter which portrays the industry as being influenced by five forces. For any strategic manager and his team planning to develop an edge over the rival firms, they can effectively make use of this model to understand the industry context in which the firm operates. The following is the Porter’s five forces model Porter’s Five Forces Model and Its Purpose and Benefits to Business Intensity of rivalry determines the level of competition in the industry. Different industries have different levels of competition, which is of great importance to business strategic analysts. Economists use competition inherent in the industry in order to measure the level of competition rivalry. If the rivalry among firms in the industry is low, that industry is considered to be disciplined. Such discipline could result in the industry’s competition history, the role of the leading firm or essentially the general understanding of the code of conduct buys the industry players. Rivalry intensifies when a rival firm in an industry acts in a way eliciting a counter response by other firms, for example cutting costs of goods. There are a number of ways in which a firm can exploit to gain a competitive advantage over other its rivals, for example changing prices by the firm gives a firm a temporary advantage, improving products differentiation is yet another way of gaining advant age, using the channels of distribution in a creative way and exploiting relationships with suppliers. All these, if used in a proper way, are likely to improve the firms’ competitive advantage over its rival firms (Roy 2009, p. 28). Threat of substitutes refers to the risk a firm would likely face if customers decided to substitute goods with goods from other industries (Roy 2009, p. 29). Threat of substitute comes into effect when the demand for a particular product is affected by changes in the price for a substitute product. Increase in the availability of substitute goods increases the elasticity of demand due to increased alternatives to the consumers. A close substitute of a product makes it hard for the manufacturers to raise the price of the product. Threat of substitution comes from players outside the industry. According to Roy (2009, p. 26), buyer power is the overall impact of consumers on a producing industry. Strong power of buyers implies increased production levels and there by increased suppliers, thus creating a situation where there are a many suppliers supplying to a single customer. The advantage of such a market to the buyers is that they are the price determiners. However in reality, hardl y do such markets exist in the current business world, with only there being an existence of an asymmetry between the producers and buyers. Strong buyers are characterized by concentrated buyers who purchase a significant portion of the output and

Nigerian And British Negotiating Styles

Nigerian And British Negotiating Styles It can be argued that cases of successful negotiators in businesses have always kept their vision of success straight. These people are advocated to full understand what they want along with a complete understanding of the negotiation process. The successful people do not only have an understanding of their preferred negotiating style but also fully understand the preferred negotiating style of their counterpart. Hence, this allows the manger to excel in achieving their goals. Recently, few of the academics have undervalued the stance of adopting appropriate negotiation styles. However, on the other hand it can be argued that an approach that works superb for the counterparts style of negotiation has the capability of creating deadlock having a different negotiation style. Prudent people have been advocated the ones who carefully distinguishes and understands these differences and adopt a negotiating style that is best suited according the situation. This briefing paper has highlighted the challenges in terms of varying negotiating styles that can be faced by The Body Shop. These include cultural barriers, communication barriers from the perspective of Hofstede model or time orientation, space orientation, nonverbal communication, power distance and uncertainty avoidance. The next section has briefed about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that the company can face by setting their operations in Nigeria. Finally, the conclusions have focused on the precautionary measures that need to be taken by the manger of The Body Shop Company while carrying successful operations in Nigeria. 2 Terms of Reference This report is written as a part of management consultancy report for The Body Shop company. This report is a short briefing paper that will inform The Body Shop with the ways that can be adopted by the company to set up business operations in Nigeria. This report will provide a brief on the ways and styles of negotiation that can be adopted by The Body Shop. The Body Shop is the worlds second largest cosmetic franchise in the world. The company runs about 2400 shops in a total of 61 countries. The headquarters of The Body Shop is based in West Sussex England. The company has now decided to open their operations in Nigeria. This report is being compiled by ABC consultants, who specialize in providing cultural specific information to help their clients set up their businesses in new environment. The company excels in providing high quality service in facilitating the client help combating their cultural related issues. This particular report is a brief for The Body Shop Company on the ways company should solve their upcoming cultural related problems in opening their business in Nigeria. The Body Shop has asked for the tips and information from the ABC consultants, on the differences in negotiating styles that prevail both in England and Nigeria. This will provide The Body Shop with some idea on what to expect from the business environment when executing operations in Nigeria. 3 Overview of the Situation In considering the cultural differences in both the Nigeria and Europe, it is important to expand on the cultural dimensions presented by Hosftede, Hall, Kluckholn, Strodtbeck and Carbaugh (Orientation, 2008). It is worth mentioning that there exist no right approach to negotiation but rather there are good and bad approaches (LeBaron, 2008). For The Body Shop, to expand their business in a developing country such as Nigeria, will be expected to be exposed to a number of challenges. The challenges that the company can encounter includes: 3.1 Negotiation The literature suggests that managers and officials in Nigeria have very limited exposure to other cultures and hence like to perform their activities the way they want to perform (Katz, 2008). Specifically in Nigeria the culture is such that there exist contingency bargaining (Katz, 2008). The people of Nigeria adopt the cooperative style of negotiation but generally people may avoid compromises unless it is important (Katz, 2008). The preferred approach generally adopted by people is not win/win (Adair, 2001) The habit of Nigerians is that they will try to draw more outcomes out of the entire deal, without having regards for being fair to the other party (Adair, 2001) The Body Shop has to keep in mind that Nigerians have the capability to trick other party into inferior terms and conditions (Katz, 2008). Most importantly, in any situation of conflict the Nigerians are not very prone to compromise situation (Masayuki and M., 1993). Nigerians normally believe in sharing information as a means to develop trust but on the other hand side the other party must beware of the frauds that are a common practice (Graham et al., 1994). Normally the pact with which these negotiations take place is quite slow (Katz, 2008). The act of building relationships with Nigerians, bargaining and decision making takes much longer than expected (Katz, 2008). It is advisable for The Body Shop to be patient and control emotions about this delay because it is a part of their culture (Katz, 2008). It is worthwhile for the Body shop to keep in mind that the Nigerians prefer a polychromic work style (LeBaron, 2008). They normally take up on a number of things at the same time (LeBaron, 2008). At the time of negotiation, the Nigerians keep jumping back and forth on different topics rather than addressing one at a time (LeBaron, 2008). Whereas, the Europeans follow a monochromic style and consider one thing at a time (LeBaron, 2008). This may confuse the personnel of Body Shop. When it comes to bargaining, the Nigerians love haggling and feel offended if not welcomed (LeBaron, 2008). The Body Shop have to keep in mind that they facts can be revisited to their advantage, provided if Nigerians reciprocate on agreed areas (LeBaron, 2008). 3.2 Time Orientations There are two different orientations to time that exist in the world. These are the monochromic and polychromic cultures (Kirkman et al., 2006) 3.2.1 Negotiators from Polychronic culture It should be kept in mind that Nigerians have no fixed timings for meetings (Reisinger and Crotts, 2010) They take more breaks in work (Soares et al., 2007) Are normally comfortable with high level of information Normally overlap talks Consider the start time of anything as flexible and not take lateness 3.2.2 Negotiators from Monochronic cultures The culture in Europe follow specific timings for beginning and ending the task (Taras et al., 2010a) They prefer scheduled breaks (Taras et al., 2010b) Consider one thing at a time (Williams and Zinkin, 2008) They rely on specific and detailed authentic communication Like talking in sequence Consider lateness as devaluing 3.3 Space Orientations These space orientations also vary across different cultures (LeBaron, 2008). This refers to the physical distance that is considered comfortable according to a specific culture (Arrindell, 2003, Baskerville, 2003). The personal space that is preferred in Europe is much more than that in developing countries like Nigeria. This space will also consider the aspect of eye contact. In Europe the eye contact is taken for its reliability whereas in Nigeria it may be seen considered as disrespectful (Eckhardt, 2003, Ford et al., 2003, Peterson, 2003). There are many differences in spatial preferences based on age, gender, generation and class which needs to be taken into account (Lederach, 1995). Therefore, space needs to be considered as a variable in negotiation (Lederach, 1995). 3.4 Nonverbal Communication It can be one of the problems that The Body Shop needs to take into consideration. It can be argued that in intercultural studies, some cultures uses silence as one of the ways to negotiate, whereas some use none at all (Nancy, 1997). Nigerians may consider hugging as a trusting relationship whereas Europeans find it too intimate (Sharma, 2003). 3.5 Power distance Hofstede uses power distance to explain the degree of acceptance of unequal power among people (Tavakoli et al., 2003) Generally, in Nigeria the power distance among people is quite much, where some are considered superior to others due to factors such as social status, age, race, gender and education. Whereas, in Europe the power distance is less and advocates equality among individuals (Williamson, 2002). Generally, Nigerians have hierarchical structures, clear authority figures and consider their right to use their power (Yoo and Donthu, 2002) Whereas, in Europe there are flat organizational structures, shared authority and consider their right to use power only in some circumstances (Yoo and Donthu, 2002) 3.6 Uncertainty Avoidance It related to the national culture that relates to uncertainty and the degree of adapting to change (Ford et al., 2003) It can be argued that Nigeria does not welcome uncertainty and ambiguity. Nigerians normally place high value to risk avoidance and depend on following formal rules and procedures (Ford et al., 2003) It is normally not a common thing to trust a non family member in Nigerian culture (Ford et al., 2003) On the other hand side, the Europeans have high tolerance for risk. They value risk taking, solving problems and have flat organizational structures (Ford et al., 2003) 3.7 Masculinity-Femininity It refers to the extent to which a culture values boldness (Cronje, 2011) It also refers to the role of men and women in organizations (Cronje, 2011) The Europeans are more assertive and task-oriented as opposed to Nigerians. There are rigid gender roles in Nigerian culture as opposed to that in Europe (Cronje, 2011) 3.8 Communication Nigerian follows direct and straight forward communication when it comes to friends and business (Migliore, 2011). They can easily say no in case they do not like something in particular. In early stages of business they may seem non-committed and communicate indirectly. In situations of silence shows anger or displeasure. Nigerians also value eye contact (Migliore, 2011). 4 Analysis of Situation 4.1SWOTof Body Shop The Body Shop has a team of management that has specific expertise on areas such as negotiations. They need to keep in mind the negotiation styles and techniques that are followed by the Nigerian businessmen. The company has the capability to attract the customers due to their high quality body care products. It has an edge over its rivals based on its uniqueness that can be depicted from making products from natural content of the environment (Huang and Xu, 2009). One of its weaknesses is that the image it tries to portray does not parallel reality. The company claims for having natural products but they are seldom fresh. Other negative for them is that there will be hostility by the locals because the people generally dont want outsiders to operate in their country. The company will have to bear the cultural barriers; including language and gestures etc. the Nigerians welcome bribes in many cases, hence making it confusing and difficult for The Body shop to understand what is required by the other party (Hartman and Beck-Dudley, 1999). Greatest opportunity for The Body Shop will be to enter new market and attract new customers. That will allow the company to increase their customer base. The business will also make new contacts and understand the culture properly, making it easy for Body Shop to enter into any other new market having the same culture (Awe, 2000, Kintish, 2002). The major threats that will be posed to The Body Shop will be the local cosmetic providers that already have been serving in the market for decades. The local people living in Nigeria will find it confusing and difficult to make the initial switch due their lack of knowledge on how it is different from any local cosmetic provider. 5 PESTEL Analysis of Body Shop in Both Countries A PESTEL analysis of Body shop in both countries has also been conducted. Body Shop has a number of political issues which would be important for the company (Awe, 2000). In Nigeria, the company would have to deal to deal with uncertainty and political turmoil, as the government is not stable. In UK, the negotiators would be faced with different issues, such as the spending cuts and government bureaucracy. The economic factors which would be considered by the negotiators in Nigeria would involve the aspects of changing currency markets and economic hardship due to the global economic crisis. Similar factors would also be visible in UK. The social factors influencing negotiators in Nigeria would be related to the working conditions of the human force. They would have to ensure that the local culture of male dominance does not come into play, as Body Shop would want to portray a positive international image from the operation. A number of technological factors would also influence the Body Shop operations (Li et al., 2010, Huang and Xu, 2009), which would include online shopping and the availability of a online managed supply chain in Nigeria. The technological factors would also influence the working conditions of the workforce, which would be a key negotiating tactic. Environmental issues such as the making sure of good environmental policy for any future operation, and government regulations governing these must also be taken into consideration. Finally, legal issues are also important for the negotiating for Body Shop (Awe, 2000, Kintish, 2002). All new operations must fulfill international and local legal requirements, and this is carefully considered when starting a new operation and negotiating working conditions with local representatives. 6 Solutions and Recommendations It has been concluded that it is completely difficult to track the starting points that are used by the negotiators belonging from different national settings. The reason for this is that cultures are constantly changing with changing times. From another perspective, it can be argued that cross-cultural negotiation literature is based on the organizational areas and hence it cannot be applied to the area of intractable conflicts. It can also be concluded that The Body Shop will have acquire the know how about the way things are done in different situations in Nigeria. It should be kept in mind by the company that setting operations in Nigeria would mean changing their ways of dealing with businesses. The managers of The Body Shop need to be more vigilant on communication as a means of bridging the cultural gap. It is recommended that Body Shop must study the Nigerian culture carefully so that they can make business deal successful. It is also recommended that before entering in Niger ian market, some research must be carried out to measure the worth of the target market that the company intends to cater to. The space orientation, time orientation must be taken into account while conducting the business dealings with the locals. Since, The Body Shop is a multinational, in order for it to keep up with its reputation, the manager responsible for its operations in Nigeria needs to set the timescales and deadlines well in advance, keeping in mind the laidback attitude of Nigeria. The people of Nigeria are usually use to be being pushed for work, therefore it needs to be kept in mind by the expatriate of Body Shop to keep motivating their workforce every now and then to make their business successful in Nigeria. Moreover, the manager for Body Shop needs to keep motivating team work because it is the most common way of achieving task in Nigeria.

Promoting Brand Loyalty at Abercrombie & Fitch Essay

Abercrombie and Fitch is an American retailer that focuses on casual wear for consumers aged 18 to 22. It has over 300 locations in the United States, and is expanding internationally. The company also operates three offshoot brands: Abercrombie, Hollister Co., and Gilly Hicks. The company operated a post-collegiate brand, Ruehl No.925, that closed in early 2010. The company operates 1,073 stores across all four brands. The A&F brand has 316 locations in the United States, four in Canada, one in London, one in Milan, one in Tokyo, one in Copenhagen, one in Madrid, one in Paris, one in Brussels, one in Dublin, and one in Hong Kong. A&F stores range from 6,000 to 36,000 square feet. The company focuses on providing high-quality merchandise that compliments the casual classic American lifestyle. selling casual sportswear apparel, including knit and woven shirts, graphic t-shirts, fleece, jeans and woven pants, shorts, sweaters, outerwear, personal care products and accessories for men, women and kids under the Abercrombie & Fitch, abercrombie kids, and Hollister brands. The Company determines its operating segments on the same basis that it uses to evaluate performance internally. The operating segments identified by the Company are Abercrombie & Fitch, abercrombie kids, Hollister and Gilly Hicks. The operating segments have been aggregated and are reported as one reportable segment because they have similar economic characteristics and meet the required aggregation criteria. The Company believes its operating segments may be aggregated for financial reporting purposes because they are similar in each of the following areas: class of consumer, economic characteristics, nature of products, nature of production processes, and distribution methods. The Company views the customer’s in-store experience as the primary vehicle for communicating the spirit of each brand. The Company emphasizes the senses of sight, sound, smell, touch and energy by utilizing visual presentation of merchandise, in-store marketing, music, fragrances, rich fabrics and it s sales associates to reinforce the aspirational lifestyles represented by the brands. The Company considers the in-store experience to be its main form of marketing. The Company emphasizes the senses to reinforce the aspirational lifestyles represented by the brands. The Company’s flagship stores represent the pinnacle of the Company’s in-store  branding efforts. The Company also engages its customers through social media and mobile commerce in ways that reinforce the aspirational lifestyle of the brands. Flagship stores and social media both attract a substantial number of international consumers, and have significantly contributed to the Company’s worldwide status as an iconic brand. The in-store marketing is designed to convey the principal elements and personality of each brand. The store design, furniture, fixtures and music are all carefully planned and coordinated to create a shopping experience that reflects the Abercrombie & Fitch, abercrombie kids, Hollister or Gilly Hicks lifestyle. The Company’s sales associates and managers are a central element in creating the atmosphere of the stores. In addition to providing a high level of customer service, sales associates and managers reflect the casual, energetic and aspirational attitude of the brands. Every brand displays merchandise uniformly to ensure a consistent store experience, regardless of location. Store managers receive detailed plans designating fixture and merchandise placement to ensure coordinated execution of the Company-wide merchandising strategy. In addition, standardization of each brand’s store design and merchandise presentation enables the Company to open new stores efficiently. The Company had net sales of $2.929 billion for the fifty-two weeks ended January 30, 2010, down 15.9% from $3.484 billion for the fifty-two weeks ended January 31, 2009. Operating income for Fiscal 2009 was $117.9 million, which was down from $498.3 million in Fiscal 2008. Net income from continuing operations was $79.0 million and net income per diluted share from continuing operations was $0.89 in Fiscal 2009, compared to net income from continuing operations of $308.2 million and net income per diluted share from continuing operations of $3.45 in Fiscal 2008. Net income per diluted share from continuing operations included non-cash, store-related asset impairment charges of $0.23 and $0.06 for Fiscal 2009 and Fiscal 2008, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities, the Company’s primary source of liquidity, was $402.2 million for Fiscal 2009. This source of cash was primarily driven by results from operations adjusted for non-cash items including depreciation and amortization and impairment charges. The Company used $175.5 million of cash for capital expenditures and had proceeds from the sale of marketable securities of $77.5 million during Fiscal 2009. The Company’s Market Share may be  Adversely Impacted at any Time by a Significant Number of Competitors. The sale of apparel and personal care products is a highly competitive business with numerous participants, including individual and chain fashion specialty stores, as well as regional and national department stores. The Company faces a variety of competitive challenges, including maintaining favorable brand recognition and effectively marketing its products to consumers in several diverse demographic markets. And sourcing merchandise efficiently and countering the aggressive promotional activities of many of the Company’s competitors without diminishing the aspirational nature of the Company’s brands and brand equity. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully in the future. The science of the Deal Ch.7 Genentech is a biotechnology corporation, founded in 1976 by venture capitalist Robert A. Swanson and biochemist Dr. Herbert Boyer.   Today, Genentech has the biggest market capitalization in biotech at US $88 billion, with an incredible reputation in drug development, especially in oncology, and a number of blockbuster drugs under its belt. Genentech has multiple products on the market for serious or life-threatening medical conditions. In March 2009, Genentech became a member of the Roche Group, and Genentech now serves as the headquarters for all Roche pharmaceutical operations in the United States. Accordingly, the list below includes products which were previously marketed as Roche products that are now being marketed by Genentech in the United States. Genentech’s relationship with Roche Holding began in 1990, when the Swiss company bought a 60 percent stake in Genentech for $2.1 billion. As a result of additional stock purchases and sell offs, Roche owned about 56perce nt of Genentech in 2008. The success of Genentech as a biotechnology company is indeed in no small part derived from its strategy of forming alliances with smaller companies, whose proprietary drugs and technology platforms have the potential to become blockbusters. The commercialized drug, called Tarceva, is a drug used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and several other  types of cancer, which was released in 2004 and quickly acquired blockbuster status. It is marketed in the United States by Genentech and OSI Pharmaceuticals and elsewhere by Roche. In lung cancer, it extends life by an average of 3.3 months at a cost of CDN$95,000. Historically, this approach has brought Genentech great rewards, particularly in the field of oncology, and now the company is hoping to achieve similar success in new therapeutic areas. To support small companies with promising technologies and/or drugs in development that are at too early a stage for licensing. In this way, Genentech has developed a highly competitive approach, singling out small companies with enormous future potential and establishing mutually beneficial relationships at the earliest possible stage. A significant proportion of the Genentech pipeline has always consisted of proprietary technology platforms and drug candidates, and its brave approach to R&D spending reflects this. In 2003, 24% of Genentech’s revenues were directed into R&D, to address the top-heavy position of its pipeline at the time. To balance resource use with the strongest likelihood of success, Genentech continuously evaluates its pipeline products in order to determine which are the most promising projects to move through the many phases of clinical testing. The pipeline includes both breakthrough innovations and new indications for existing, well understood products that may fight more than one disease or more than one form of a disease.

Case Study Chloe’s Story Essay

The serous membrane in Chloe’s abdomen contains the peritoneum. The peritoneum is the largest serous membrane of the body which includes the greater omentum, the largest peritoneal fold, which drapes over the transverse colon and the coils of the small intestine, and contains a considerable amount of adipose tissue. Involuntary contraction of pharyngeal stage is the beginning stage of swallowing it begins with the passage of water into the oropharynx. When water enters the esophagus the esophageal stage begin where peristalsis occurs with coordinated contractions and relaxation of muscles to propel water into the stomach. With the bypass of the duodenum, Chyme cannot not periodically be forced through the pyloric sphincter in gastric emptying. The proteins will have difficulty being easily broken down into smaller molecules in the chemical digestion of proteins. By the enzyme Lipase. Rapid or major weight loss increases a person’s risk of developing gallstones. These meals should be high in protein. Because A change in diet, no longer consuming high fatty and high cholesterol foods. Yes. Nutritional deficiencies, like most iron and calcium is absorbed in the duodenum, the first part of the intestine that is bypassed by these operations. Calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis , and iron deficiency can cause anemia. Many vitamins and minerals are absorbed in the part of the small intestine bypassed by this surgery. The individual must commit to a lifetime of taking nutritional supplements to prevent serious vitamin and mineral deficiencies. A large number of microvilli in the small intestines greatly increases the surface area of the plasma membrane, larger amounts of digested nutrients can diffuse into absorptive cells. Most digestion and absorption occurs in the small intestine. Vitamin B12 must be combined with intrinsic factors produced by the stomach for its absorption by active transport in the ileum. Because it can or may be manifested as a variety of symptoms since B12 is widely used in the body. Severe fatigue may occur initially. Effects on the nervous system can be wide-ranging, and include weakness, numbness and tingling of the limbs, memory loss, confusion, delusion, poor balance and reflexes, hearing difficulties, and even dementia. Severe deficiency may appear similar to multiple sclerosis. Nausea and diarrhea are possible gastrointestinal signs. The anemia that results from prolonged deficiency may also be seen as a pallor especially in mucous membranes such as the gums and the lining of the inner surface of the eye. Megaloblastic anemia is a common result of inadequate B12. This condition can also result if a person stops secreting enough intrinsic factor in the stomach, a substance essential.

The Discovery Of The Internet - 1696 Words

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In 21st century, the power of internet contributes to the humanity that makes the world more interconnected as well as influences us daily bases that changes the way of living in most convenience. The latest trending big thing in our society is the online shopping, which is the most easy way to buy stuff without physically go to store to purchase. This magical advancement help us to buy products that we want within short amount of time as well as enable to access to thousands of stores. In the proper business term, this form of business called e-commerce. Today, there areShow MoreRelatedComputer Technology and the Effects on Society1564 Words   |  7 Pages1960s there were many new discoveries that revolutionized the computing industry. The first of many was the discovery of the transistor quickly replaced the tubes. This could have reduced the size of computers greatly but instead this was used to make computers more powerful. 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